Introduction
Content
Objectives
Quiz
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glossary
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Content
Use and turnover of nutrients in society
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Use of nutrients from small and closed to large and open systems
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Comparison to natural fluxes of N and P
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Nitrogen and phosphorus in agriculture
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Nutrient flows in urban areas waste water treatment
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Traffic and the energy sector
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Influence of landscape changes wetlands
Eutrophication a global problem
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Eutrophication means well nourished
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Outlook Box 9.1 From local to world-wide problems
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Eutrophication in lakes and the marine environment
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Nitrogen poisoning of wells
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Land eutrophication
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Methods Box 9.2 Determination of nutrient export
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Methods Box 9.3 Measuring limiting nutrients
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The physiological basis for eutrophication limiting
nutrients
Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea
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Nutrient loading
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Are N or P limiting nutrients?
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Biological consequences of eutrophication
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Algal blooms and nitrogen fixation
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Bottom oxygen depletion
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Eutrophication and fish populations
Monitoring and modeling nutrient flows
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Monitoring and computer modeling of pollutants
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The European monitoring and modeling regime for air pollutants, EMEP
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Nutrient measurements in the Baltic Sea
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Turnover of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Baltic Sea the long term prediction
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Methods Box 9.4 Mathematical modeling of Baltic Sea eutrophication
Eutrophication in the future
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Can large-scale marine eutrophication be stopped?
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Influence of population increase, urbanization and over-consumption
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Methods Box 9.5 Sustainable nutrient management
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Global warming increases eutrophication
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Some countermeasures
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