Chapter 3
Ecology and Ecosystems

Find the correct answer for each question.

1. Which scientist introduced the term Ecology?

   1.   ?    Charles Darwin
   2.   ?    James Lovelock
   3.   ?    Ernst Haeckel

2. The Red Data Book contain information about:

   1.   ?    Population status of threathened species
   2.   ?    Overpopulation warnings of species
   3.   ?    Bird migration charts

3. Which word below correspond to niche?

   1.   ?    The region in which a species live
   2.   ?    The vegetation zone in which a species live
   3.   ?    The function of a species in the environment

4. Which explanations below correspond to habitat?

   1.   ?    The environment in which a species live
   2.   ?    The area in which a species live
   3.   ?    The function of a species in the food web

5. Which of these animal species is highest in the food chain?

   1.   ?    Mouse
   2.   ?    Moose
   3.   ?    Man

6. What does the term K-species mean?

   1.   ?    Organisms that contain more carbon than average
   2.   ?    Organisms that have populations that are close to the environment's carrying capacity
   3.   ?    Organisms that are especially important in the food web, key-species

7. What does the term r-species mean?

   1.   ?    Species that have populations that may rapidly increase
   2.   ?    Organisms that are dependent on other species for their survival
   3.   ?    Organisms that are in the bottom of the food chain

8. In which vegetation zone do we find mostly pine trees?

   1.   ?    Arctic zone
   2.   ?    Boreal zone
   3.   ?    Nemoral zone

9. What does the term decomposers mean?

   1.   ?    Organisms feeding on dead organic matter, for example bacteria
   2.   ?    Organisms that decompose when they die, for example worms
   3.   ?    Organisms that are composed of dead organic matter, for example fungi

10. A primary consumer

    1.   ?    Is mostly eating animals that are high up in the food chain
    2.   ?    Is mostly eating plants
    3.   ?    Is an animal that is not eaten by other animals

11. A primary producer

    1.   ?    Is mostly eating animals that are high up in the food chain
    2.   ?    Is mostly eating plants
    3.   ?    Is an organism that live on sunshine

12. When did the last glaciation in the Baltic Sea region end?

    1.   ?    5000 years ago
    2.   ?    10000 years ago
    3.   ?    50000 years ago

13. Omnivores

    1.   ?    Are animals that can live both in water an on land
    2.   ?    Are animals that feed on both plants and animals
    3.   ?    Are animals that feed on both dead and living animals

14. Predators

    1.   ?    Are animals that catch and eat other animals.
    2.   ?    Are animals that feed on other animals without killing it.
    3.   ?    Are animals that only eat plants.

15. Carnivors

    1.   ?    Are animals that only eat meat
    2.   ?    Are animals that only eat fish
    3.   ?    Are animals that live on land

16. Herbivors

    1.   ?    Are animals that eat herbs and other plants.
    2.   ?    Are animals that sleep during winter.
    3.   ?    Are animals that live in water.

17. Trophic level

    1.   ?    The lowest level in the stratosphere
    2.   ?    A level in the foodchain
    3.   ?    The ecosystems in the tropical vegetation zone