An estimation that the industrialized world would need to reduce their material flows by about 10 to keep the earth flows of materials on a sustainable level while the non-industrialized worl is allowed to increase material flows by a factor of 2.
An estimation that the world as a whole need to reduce the total material flows on the planet by a factor of 10 in order to maintain long-term carrying capacity.
An estimation that resource use in the world as a whole need to be reduced by 90% within the coming 100 years.
What is MFA?
Material Flows Analysis
Material Flow Association is a subgroup by the Factor 10 Club of Rome headed by Friedrich Schmidt-Blek.
Mantainable Flux Audit is an estimation of materials and energy flows needed to produce a commodity.
What is Environmental Utilisation Space?
A measure of how long a natural resource will be available for utilization, for example the known resources of gas will last about 20 years.
A measure of the amount of environmental pressure that an ecosystem can be subjected to without beeing seriously damaged.
A measure of how much areal space that is needed to produce one service unit in relation to per capita.
What is exergy?
The ability to do work, the products of the quantity and the quality of energy.
A measure of the functional aspect of energy flows, e.g. how much energy is needed for the production of a commodity or a service.
A measure of energy use per capita needed for the production of a commodity or a service.
How many principles are contained in the Rio decleration Agenda 21?
21 principles
27 principles
54 principles
What is the subsidiary principle?
A principle saying that the lowest possible level of governance should be used.
A principle that say that sustainability should be achieved without increase of economic cost in the form of taxes and subsidies from the state
A principle that say that sustainability must be achieved without increase of material flows
What is the precautionary principle?
In view of serious environmental threats it is better to act with partial scientific knowledge instead of postpoining action to await full scientific knowledge of the problem
Environmental threats must be discovered before they happen and action must be taken to prevent threats to emerge
It is better to over- than underestimate environmental threats and dangers.
Which are the three dimensions of sustainability?
Ecological, psychological and social
Environmental, historical and financial
Environmental, social and economic
How much of the material flow of the world is moved by the richest 20% of the population of the planet?
50%
80%
65%
What is meant by the term ”smart growth”?
An economic increase in the service-sector without increase need of material resources
An economic increase in the industrial sector
An increase in the level of education of a nation
Is the carrying capacity of the world as a whole increasing or decreasing?
It is decreasing
It is increasing even calculated per capita
It is increasing because productivity increase more that population
