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Environmental law is the major way for policy making bodies
to implement a national environmental policy.
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Legal instruments are also used when an international
convention is implemented on the national level.
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Three basic principles underlie environmental
legislation:
1) the Principle of Sustainable Development,
2) the
Polluter Pays Principle and
3) the Precautionary Principle
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Strict or less strict legal instruments are often best use
used in combination considering the situation.
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Permits or concessions are often required before a new point
source could be built
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Town and country planning is needed to build fully
functioning systems avoiding both social and environmental problems.
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Protected areas is a legal instrument often used to protect
nature areas
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Environmental Quality Standards or limits determines precise
limits regarding the maximum amount of a certain pollutant.
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The environmental laws provide for inspection and empower
authorities to serve orders. Unlawful activities are regarded as criminal
offences.
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International law applies to international relations and
disputes.
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International law is usually of a more general character.
One such principle is the principle of good neighborliness.
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Between land and the open sea, the international waters, the
sea is divided into zones in which the jurisdictional competence is
allocated differently and balanced between the states concerned.
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Other forms of international cooperation is the principle of
assistance n case of casualty and also interstate notification of accidents
and other environmentally harmful activities.
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Several conventions apply to the Baltic Sea area, but the
number of contracting states varies
