The Baltic University Programme - A regional university network on sustainable development

Chapter 16
Environmental Engineering and the Technology of Clean Air

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Objectives

In this chapter you should learn that:

  • Good technology achieve the same result with less resources

  • IPPC is an EU directive on integrated prevention and control of pollution

  • BAT means that the Best Available Technology should be used to reduce pollution

  • Ventilation and aeration of buildings is a major aspect their operation

  • Air condition is a main user of energy

  • Air pollution is a major threat towards human health in the outer environment.

  • Technical processes produce not only product but also waste

  • Waste management has developed through several stages: Correct handling of landfills, dealing with hazardous waste and, sorting, returning and recycling of waste

  • Monitoring of air and water pollution is important in more densely populated areas, an example is the Stockholm - Uppsala Air Quality Management Association

  • Several methods to measure air pollution exists and include both optical and mechanical filtering methods

  • Air pollutants are mostly emitted from combustion processes

  • Air pollution in cities varies both with and between days.

  • Air pollution is also locally influenced by the topography

  • Pollution from vehicles, especially cars, constitute a substantial fraction of all air pollution

  • Car exhaust will diminish if fuel is combusted more completely especially when combined with post engine combustion, i.e. catalytic converters.

  • To reduce emissions of carbon dioxide either low or no-emission vehicles are need for the transport needs or transports have to be reduced

  • To control the emissions from combustion plants one way is to increase the efficiency an other to take pre-combustion measures, i.e. to use cleaner fuel

  • Flue gasses may have the particle content reduced in mechanical collectors or in electrostatic prcipitators or in fabric filters

  • Desulphurization of flue gasses may be done in wet scrubbers or spray wet scrubbers or bu adsorbent injection

  • NOx emissions may be controlled by combustion modifications or selective catalytic reduction or by selective non-catalytic reduction

 

© 2005 Baltic University Programme