Chapter 14
How Pollution Affects Life

Find the correct answer for each question.

1. The abbreviation LT stands for:

   1.   ?    Lipid Tetrachlorine a dioxin compound that is a by product when producing paint.
   2.   ?    Lung Thremor is a chronical disorder of the lungs caused by exposion to dioxins.
   3.   ?    Lethal Time which is a measure of the time of exposure needed to kill 50% of the individuals.

2. in vitro

   1.   ?    Means ”in glass” and is an expression in laboratories of studies on tissue samples or cells.
   2.   ?    Means ”in glass” and is a scientific term on how easy it is to dissolve a pollutant in water.
   3.   ?    Means ”in glass” and is an expression meaning that a test sample is kept in vacuum with no contact with oxygen.

3. Synergistic

   1.   ?    Means that two toxic compounds reinforce each other so that in combination they are more harmful.
   2.   ?    Means that two toxic compounds diminish the effect of each other so that in combination they are less harmful.
   3.   ?    Means that two non-toxic compounds in combination become toxic under certain conditions.

4. The thinning of eggshells in some birds is an effect of:

   1.   ?    PAH
   2.   ?    DDE (a DDT-derivate)
   3.   ?    Oil spills

5. Bioactivation is:

   1.   ?    When a heavy metal compound after entering the body is altered by activating enzymes to into a biorganic form.
   2.   ?    When a metal compound after entering the body is triggers a somatic mutation.
   3.   ?    When a chemical that after entering the body change its form into an even more toxic compound

6. Xenobiotics are

   1.   ?    Compounds that is foreign to an organism.
   2.   ?    Compounds similar to the ones found in an organism.
   3.   ?    Organometallic compounds.

7. Biomarkers are:

   1.   ?    A biological response to a chemical which often itself cannot be detected but manifest itself as special biological responses, effects in the body.
   2.   ?    Plants which are especially sensitive to certain pollutants and are used for monitoring.
   3.   ?    Biochemical compounds that are especially sensitive to certain pollutants and are used for monitoring

8. Antagonistic chemicals is:

   1.   ?    A mixture of two or more chemicals that will be more toxic than the sum of the individual chemicals
   2.   ?    A mixture of two or more chemicals that will be less toxic than the sum of the indvidual chemicals.
   3.   ?    When a chemical after entering the body is split into two or more chemical substances.

9. Teratogens are:

   1.   ?    Chemicals affecting the early stages of infant development
   2.   ?    Chemicals affecting the lungs and respiratory tract
   3.   ?    Chemicals inhibiting the neurotransmitting capacity of nerve cells

10. The Ames test show

    1.   ?    The neurotoxic effect of a chemical.
    2.   ?    The metabolic disrupting effect of a chemical.
    3.   ?    The mutagenic effect of a chemical.

11. Why are children more at risk in environments with high air pollution?

    1.   ?    Because their brain is still developing.
    2.   ?    Because they are often shorter than grown-ups.
    3.   ?    Because they have a weaker immune defence.