biomass, biofuel
wood, or fuel derived form wood, such as pellets; a renewable energy
form
carbon sequestration
deviating the flow of carbon from the atmosphere to sinks; net binding
of carbon in biomass in the northern Baltic Sea region particularly as peat
formation; in the south, especially in Africa, changed agricultural practices
might be decisive
Chapman cycle
continuous flow in the stratosphere from oxygen to ozone and back to
oxygen, both under the influence of UV radiation, producing a 0.001% by volume
concentration of ozone; processes of ozone production and destruction, initiated
by UV radiation, are often referred to as "Chapman Reactions"
climate modelling
computer modelling of global climate change, studying all factors
influencing climate, most importantly the enhanced greenhouse effect, and
attempting to produce climate scenarios on a time scale of 50 to 100 years in
the future
coolant
the cooling medium circulated in a system where it is in alternatively a
gas and liquid form; heat is transferred from the evaporator to the condenser
decarbonisation
reducing the carbon content of the supplied energy through intra-fossil
fuel substitution or use of renewable energy sources
district cooling
central cooling systems that provide cold mainly to industry and
restaurants
energy consumption
or energy use, since energy is not consumed just converted; energy use
is shared roughly equally between households, industry, and the transport
sectors
energy conversion
for example when coal is burned in a power station to produce steam
which drives a turbine which turns a generator producing electricity
energy for cooling
a major use of energy on a global scale, e.g. in the chemical industry,
process industry, sports arenas, and for air conditioning
energy intensity
the relationship between energy demand and economic growth defined as
energy consumption divided by gross domestic product
energy production
misnomer since energy is not produced just converted or extracted and
converted
energy saving
strategies and measures to reduce energy use or make it more efficient
energy services
lighting, heating, etc.; in most energy services a small percentage
provides the service and the rest is dissipated as heat
energy systems
consist of energy sources, energy carriers, power plants, distribution,
and the energy service; the organizations needed to operate these structures,
companies and authorities, can also be included
enhanced greenhouse effect
the effect that leads to global warming, caused by anthropogenic release
of greenhouse gases
fossil fuel
includes oil, gas, and coal, as well as forms thereof such as oil shale
freons
also called CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons, are inert, non-toxic, odourless
gases and with boiling points close to room temperature, used especially as
propellants in aerosol spray cans, for foam blowing, as coolants in
refrigerators and air conditioning; freons are a main cause of the destruction
of stratospheric ozone
global climate negotiations
negotiations between the nations of the world, which agreed in 1997 on
the Kyoto protocol, which is a basis for efforts to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions
global warming, climate change
the present period of climate change with increased average global
temperature, which over the last 100 years increased by about 0.7oC., one-third
occurring after 1980
greenhouse gases
components of the atmosphere which contributes to the heat balance of
the Earth, most importantly water vapour and carbon dioxide, but also methane,
freons, ozone and others
hydropower
electricity production using flowing water; hydropower is the most
important renewable energy source in the Baltic Sea basin
Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Organisation which regularly assesses the scientific research on climate
change, created by the United Nations (UNEP and WHO)
Intra-fossil fuel substitution
substituting natural gas for coal in power-plants, but also for diesel
and gasoline in the transportation sector; this reduces carbon emissions, as the
carbon content per GJ is much lower natural gas than for oil and coal
ozone hole
massive loss of stratospheric ozone over the Arctic region appearing in
the Antarctic spring and persisting into late November
renewable energy sources
biomass, hydropower, wind, solar, tidal, wave, hydrogen, and geothermal
technologies; the so-called flowing energy sources are wind, water, and waves
sea level increase
foreseen effect of increased global temperature caused by expansion of
water and melting of glaciers in the Arctic area, projected to rise sea level
about half a metre over the next century
solar energy
heat from the sun that can be used directly or indirectly for heating,
electricity production, and a transport fuel
stratospheric ozone layer
ozone formed in the atmosphere at 15-40 km through reaction of oxygen
molecules and oxygen atoms under ultraviolet radiation from the sun
ultraviolet (UV) radiation
radiation of the sun in the wave length interval of 240-300 nm,
so-called UV B
windpower
electricity production using blowing wind; the most rapidly growing
energy technology; costs for wind power are competitive in bulk markets